Metes and bounds is a method of describing land or real estate that identifies a parcel's boundaries by starting at a specific point and describing the distance and direction to subsequent boundary points until returning to the starting point. This legal description uses physical features, directions, and distances.
The metes and bounds system is one of the oldest methods used to describe parcels of land. "Metes" refers to the measures of distance (such as feet, yards, or rods), while "bounds" refers to the physical boundaries that define the property, such as natural landmarks (trees, rivers) or man-made structures (roads, walls).
Components of Metes and Bounds:
1. Point of Beginning (POB): This is a fixed, identifiable starting point for the description, such as a marked tree, a stone monument, or a surveyed marker.
2. Distance and Direction: From the POB, the description specifies the distance and direction (e.g., north 100 feet, then east 200 feet) to the next point.
3. Landmarks: Physical landmarks or features are often used to describe boundaries.
4. Closure: The description continues from point to point until it returns to the POB, creating a closed boundary.
Example:
A metes and bounds description might read: "Starting at the oak tree on the northwest corner of the property, thence south 100 feet to the stone wall, thence east 200 feet to the large boulder, thence north 100 feet to the creek, thence following the creek west 200 feet back to the oak tree."
Real Estate Transactions: In real estate transactions, a precise legal description of property is essential for deeds, mortgages, and other documents. Metes and bounds descriptions are often used when dealing with irregularly shaped parcels that cannot be easily described by rectangular survey systems.
Land Disputes: Metes and bounds descriptions are critical in resolving land disputes. Precise descriptions help determine the exact boundaries of a property, which is essential in cases where ownership or land use is contested.
Surveying: Land surveyors use metes and bounds descriptions to accurately map and describe property boundaries. Surveying involves measuring and documenting the specific points, distances, and directions as detailed in the property description.
A common misconception is that metes and bounds descriptions are outdated and no longer used. While other systems like the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) are prevalent in some regions, metes and bounds remain widely used, especially in the original thirteen colonies of the United States and in regions with irregularly shaped parcels.
Another misconception is that metes and bounds descriptions are inherently inaccurate. While they can be complex, when done properly by professional surveyors, they provide a highly accurate and detailed description of property boundaries. Modern technology, such as GPS, enhances the precision of these descriptions.
Lastly, some believe that metes and bounds descriptions are only relevant to large rural properties. However, this method is also used for urban properties, especially those with non-standard shapes or where historical descriptions have been maintained over time.
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